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        <description><![CDATA[PAHO/WHO Public Health Virtual Campus - WDC. LearningObject Channel]]></description>
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            <title>Twelve Essentials of Science-based Policy</title>
            <link>http://www.campusvirtualsp.org/repositorio/SPT--FullRecord.php?ResourceId=20</link>
            <description><![CDATA[This article presents a systematic framework of 12 essentials, or basic elements, of science-based policy. The 12 essentials are grouped into three categories, or areas, as follows: 1) knowledge generation, which includes credible design, accurate data, sound analysis, and comprehensive synthesis; 2) knowledge exchange, which includes relevant content, appropriate translation, timely dissemination, and modulated release; and 3) knowledge uptake, which includes accessible information, readable message, motivated user, and rewarding outcome.]]></description>
            <pubDate>Sun, 25 Mar 2007 00:00:00 +0100</pubDate>
            <guid>http://www.campusvirtualsp.org/repositorio/SPT--FullRecord.php?ResourceId=20</guid>
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            <title>European Perspectives on Global Health: A Policy Glossary</title>
            <link>http://www.campusvirtualsp.org/repositorio/SPT--FullRecord.php?ResourceId=21</link>
            <description><![CDATA[.Health requires an active process whereby individuals, communities and societies create and maintain wellbeing and the conditions in which it can be attained. It is a co-production of many actors at every level of society.Global health refers to those health issues which transcend national boundaries and governments and calls for actions to influence the global forces that determine the health of people. It requires new forms of governance at national and international level which seek to include a wide range of actors.]]></description>
            <pubDate>Mon, 16 Apr 2007 00:00:00 +0100</pubDate>
            <guid>http://www.campusvirtualsp.org/repositorio/SPT--FullRecord.php?ResourceId=21</guid>
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            <title>Education  and  Health:  Evaluating  Theories  and  Evidence</title>
            <link>http://www.campusvirtualsp.org/repositorio/SPT--FullRecord.php?ResourceId=22</link>
            <description><![CDATA[Substantial attention has been paid to these health inequalities. Gradients in health by education are now being systematically monitored in many countries (the United States includes them as part of its Healthy People 2010 goals), and countries such as the United Kingdom have target goals of reducing health disparities specifically by education or factors correlated with education.2 In this paper, we review what is known and not known about the relationship between education and health, in particular about the possible causal relationships between education and health and the mechanisms behind them. .]]></description>
            <pubDate>Thu, 26 Apr 2007 00:00:00 +0100</pubDate>
            <guid>http://www.campusvirtualsp.org/repositorio/SPT--FullRecord.php?ResourceId=22</guid>
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            <title>Governing the Future</title>
            <link>http://www.campusvirtualsp.org/repositorio/SPT--FullRecord.php?ResourceId=19</link>
            <description><![CDATA[.communication is vital when considering the long-term. Openness about the ways in which government is thinking about the future will not always be easy. The nature of long-term thinking means that policy has to take account of real uncertainties.Speculative work may carry political risks. Government should be as open as possible about the way in which it considers long-term issues, to build public understanding of possible future scenarios. Change in policy in the light of changing knowledge and circumstances is a sign of strength not weakness; and a public which recognizes that strategies are made in the light of the best evidence available at the time, with all the uncertainty that this implies, may be better able to understand the need for change.Openness will also help to counter the short-termism inherent in the political cycle. There was a silent political consensus that the pension system was unsustainable long before any party dared to suggest reform. Discussion about the likely problems of the future will not lead to consensus about the policies needed to respond to those problems (as is evident from the current argument about the future of road pricing), but it will ensure that the political debate has to take a long view. Openness about the Government's assessment of likely future challenges will also enable counter views to be articulated, and ensure that debate is as wide as possible ..This report maps the range of mechanisms which this Government uses to consider longterm issues, and considers the ways in which Parliament and the public are engaged in the process. One of the key tensions in long-term policy-making is between the centre, which is able to take a long-term view and challenge departmental thinking, and departments, which have practical experience and in-depth knowledge. The reports suggests that departmental Ministers should be more closely involved in the work of a strong central strategy unit. It welcomes the Government's attempts to increase strategic capacity within departments, and the corporate capacity of the civil service as a whole.   Policy Hub, HM Treasury]]></description>
            <pubDate>Thu, 26 Apr 2007 00:00:00 +0100</pubDate>
            <guid>http://www.campusvirtualsp.org/repositorio/SPT--FullRecord.php?ResourceId=19</guid>
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            <title>Review of Model Public Health Laws</title>
            <link>http://www.campusvirtualsp.org/repositorio/SPT--FullRecord.php?ResourceId=18</link>
            <description><![CDATA[Model public health laws (public health laws or private policies publicly recommended by at least 1 organization for adoption by government bodies or by specified private entities) are promoted as exemplary. We assessed the information sponsors of model public health laws provide on the methods used in developing their models and on their models adoption and effectiveness. . The Center for Law and the Publics Health publishes detailed information on its Web site about adoption of its model public health laws. In view of the powerful contribution that law can make to improved public health, we further recommend the formulation of standards for model public health laws that reflect and build on such precedents and that incorporate, to the extent practically possible, current knowledge about the effectiveness of law-based public health interventions. The scope of our study precluded exploration of certain aspects of model laws that merit study. Perhaps the most important, and analytically the most challenging, is their effectiveness once adopted. Also important is whether the provisions of model laws actually establish powers supportive of the models goals; legal analysis could illuminate whether deficiencies in the language of model laws may detract from the desired powers and effects. A related point is whether the provisions of model laws comport with prevailing court rulings, views on constitutional principles, and doctrine regarding the role of government. Analyses in these areas would generate information valuable to the many public health policymakers, practitioners, and attorneys who are actively assessing law as a public health tool..]]></description>
            <pubDate>Thu, 26 Apr 2007 00:00:00 +0100</pubDate>
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