Millennium Development Goals (MDGs)
Five years ago, meeting within the United Nations Organization (UNO), the world's governments committed themselves by signing the Millennium Declaration to join efforts for victims of global poverty. These efforts result in eight goals to raise qualitative and quantitative aspects in order to be completed in 2015.
On the eve of the UN General Assembly held last September, the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP), he screamed to the sky with the 2005 Human Development Report (HDR) "International cooperation at a crossroads : Aid for trade and security in an unequal world. "
The presentation of that document prior to the important conclave was not by chance, on the contrary, tried to bring important items of discussion among world leaders aimed to understand that without a new commitment to cooperation backed by practical action, the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) are not met and the Millennium Declaration will be remembered as another broken promise.
Finally, leaders met in New York and the rhetoric was again the dominant element in the speeches, so it ended there was much to applaud, especially when there is a real danger that the next 10 years, such as 15 above, contribute much less for human development of what promises to the consensus of 2000.
THE HUMAN DEVELOPMENT INDEX 2005 & 2006. The Human Development Report produced by UNDP, has revealed in its latest editions, vigorous efforts are needed for the existence of a better world. Throughout its pages, the document in its 2005 version became apparent that constant need of swift and dramatic changes in terms of global aid, trade and security in order to fulfill the promises made ??by the international community during the in 2000 and to address these problems. "The world has the knowledge, resources and technology to end extreme poverty, but time is running out," said UNDP Administrator Kemal Dervis.
The preamble to the report, the author of it, Kevin Watkins, stressed that the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) are a promissory note signed by 189 governments to the poor of the world. "That note falls due in less than ten years without investment and political will, we are back stamped insufficient funds," he says.
Central part of the HDI and the MDGs. In Central America, the country with the best position is Costa Rica, during 2006, in connection with the 2005 report, moved one position, moving from position 47 to 48.
Moreover, in a privileged position, Costa Rica is located within the category of high human development countries (up from 1 to 63), while the rest of the region has a medium human development (from position 64 to 146).
The lower box of the isthmus is occupied by Guatemala, although the position had changed from 121 in 2004 to 117 in 2005 to the 2006 edition is located at position 118. In connection with their counterparts in Central America, Guatemala reported the lowest in terms of life expectancy at birth and adult literacy rate, both of conjugates with a high rate of infant mortality, among others. Such a country like Nicaragua, known world-wide among the nations where they have a greater chance of dying children from poor households.
Regarding this last, his position in the HDI between 2005 and 2006, reported no change at all (112). The Honduran case is another way to illustrate what has been reported in other versions of the report and indicate that some countries are going backwards instead of improving. In a comparison between Costa Rica and other countries of the Isthmus, the gap is evident and accounts for the distance that exists to carry out fully in the other four nations, with the MDGs.
Perhaps the only goal in which there is substantial similarity and its clear potential for achieving the universal primary education, where almost all are close to 100%, however, evaluating the following category (secondary education), the difference extends, moreover, if one includes the tertiary.
The 8 Millennium Development Goals. The Millennium Development Goals were raised in 2000 within the United Nations in what is known as the Millennium Declaration.
These goals provide tangible benchmarks to measure progress in eight areas and set 2015 as the deadline to meet most of them. It is not the first time the international community has embarked on ambitious goals. If solemn promises, pledges ambitious, zealous commitments and high-level conferences were able to lift people out of poverty, taking children to school, and dramatically reduce child deaths, the MDGs have completed long ago.
Unfortunately this is not true and we realize the reality of a situation far from encouraging. As highlighted in the HDR 2005, there is no better indicator that shows the magnitude of the challenges facing the international community to infant mortality. In this sense, explains that the slowing down of progress since the nineties has set the world on the path of complete failure of this objective.
According to current trends in the world would reach only in the year 2045 goal of reducing by two thirds the mortality rate of children under five years proposed in the MDGs, but it may seem distant, the task is not easy, as do require that the incidence of infant mortality is reduced by about 2.7% average per year, more than double the rate observed in the period 1990 to 2002.
The MDG target of universal primary education will not meet current trends continue, 47 million children in developing countries will not attend school in 2015.
Goal 1: Eradicate extreme poverty and hunger. Between 1990 and 20015 Reduce by half the proportion of people living below a dollar a day and reduce by half the proportion of hungry people.
Goal 2: Achieve universal primary education. Ensure that boys and girls around the world to complete a full course of primary schooling.
Goal 3: Promote gender equality and empower women. Eliminate gender disparity in primary and secondary equation, preferably by 2005 and no later than 2015.
Goal 4: Reduce child mortality. Reduce by two thirds the mortality rate of children under five years.
Goal 5: Improve maternal health: Reduce by two thirds the rate of maternal mortality.
Goal 6: Combat HIV / AIDS, malaria and other diseases. Halt and begin to reverse the spread of HIV / AIDS and other diseases.
Goal 7: Ensure environmental sustainability. By 2015 reduce by half the proportion of people without sustainable access to safe water and sanitation.
Goal 8: Develop a global partnership for development. Reforming aid and trade with special treatment to the poorest countries.
Excerpted from the website "Desde Guate".